Navigating the file system

List files in the current directory

ls

List filenames only one per line (numerical value 1)

ls -1

Long listing (l) of all files (a) with human readable sizes (h)

ls -lah

List directory not the files within

ls -d <dir>

Reverse sort order

ls -r

Recursively list subdirectories

ls -R

Useful sort order flags

• Modified time -t

• Last accessed time -u

• Creation time -U

• File size -S

Change directory

cd <dir>

Go to home directory

cd ~

Go to system root directory

cd /

Return to last directory

cd -

Show the path of the current directory location (print working directory)

pwd

Tree

Display files and sub directories graphically

tree

Ignore (or include) specific files and directories

tree -I <path>
tree -P <path>

Limit output to set folder depth (eg. 2 levels -L 2)

tree -L <depth>

Other useful options

• -a All files (including hidden)

• -d List directories only

• -f Print full paths

• -i Do not indent output

• -h Print human readable size

• -s Print size in raw bytes

• -C Colourize output